By the time the war ended, every country in Africa, with the exception of the small Spanish territories ‒ which remained neutral ‒ had been formally committed to one side or the other. Over 150000 soldiers and carriers lost their lives during the war. Even more men, as well as wome and children, were recruited, often forcibly, as carriers to support armies whose supplies could not be moved by conventional methods such as road, rail or packanimal. Mor e than a million African soldiers were involved in these campaigns or campaigns in Europe. Campaigns were fought on African soil which ‒ though they only marginally affected the overall course of war ‒ had significant implications for Africa. The First World War was essentially a quarrel between European powers which involved Africa, both directly and indirectly, because at the outbreak of hostilities the greater part of it was ruled by the European belligerents. One of its most important legacies was the reordering of the map of Africa roughly as it is today. The First World War represented a turning-point in African history, not as dramatic as the Second World War, but nevertheless important in many areas. UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.MGIEP - Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Education for Peace and Sustainable Development.IESALC - International Institute for Higher Education in Latin America and the Caribbean.IITE - Institute for Information Technologies in Education.IICBA - International Institute for Capacity-Building in Africa.IBE - International Bureau of Education.ICTP - International Centre for Theoretical Physics.IIEP - International Institute for Educational Planning.UNEVOC - International Centre for Technical and Vocational Education and Training.Education for Sustainable Development Network.International Coalition of Inclusive and Sustainable Cities – ICCAR.
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission.Advancing the 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda.
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